Punjabi Headline — Dr Komalpreet Kaur Medical Officer Say Cancer incidence in Punjab is a matter of concern. According to a survey conducted by the Punjab government, there are at least 90 cancer patients for every 100,000 population in the state. This incidence is higher than the national average of 80 per 100,000 population. The survey, which screened approximately 265,000 people in the Malwa, Doaba, and Majha regions, revealed that about 24,000 of them were already suffering from cancer. Alarmingly, more than 84,453 individuals were suspected to be affected by this deadly disease. The Malwa region, often referred to as the “cancer belt,” has the highest number of cancer patients, with 107 cases per 100,000 population. Notably, Muktsar district in this region fares the worst, with 136 cancer cases per 100,000 people. Factors contributing to this situation include chemical toxicity, high levels of arsenic and uranium, pesticide use, alcohol consumption, and a significant incidence of smoking among migrant laborers1. Raising awareness and early detection are crucial, but it’s equally important to strengthen the healthcare system to handle the large number of cancer patients in the state.
What are the common types of cancer in Punjab?
In Punjab, several types of cancer are prevalent. Some of the most common ones include:
Breast Cancer: Affecting both men and women, breast cancer is a significant concern. Early detection through regular screenings is crucial for better outcomes.
Oral Cancer: High tobacco and alcohol consumption contribute to the prevalence of oral cancer. Regular dental check-ups and avoiding tobacco products are essential preventive measures.
Cervical Cancer: This cancer affects the cervix and is often linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Vaccination against HPV and regular Pap smears are vital for early detection.
Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Factors such as consumption of preserved and smoked foods, as well as Helicobacter pylori infection, contribute to stomach cancer cases.
Lung Cancer: Smoking is a significant risk factor for lung cancer. Efforts to reduce smoking rates are essential in preventing this type of cancer.
Colorectal Cancer: Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, play a role in colorectal cancer. Regular screenings can help detect it early.
Prostate Cancer: Although more common in men, prostate cancer is also a concern. Regular check-ups and awareness are essential.
Remember that prevention, early detection, and lifestyle modifications are critical in the fight against cancer. Regular health check-ups and adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of developing these cancers.
What are the risk factors for these cancers?
Certainly! Here are the risk factors associated with common cancers in Punjab:
Breast Cancer:
Gender: Women are at higher risk.
Family History: A family history of breast cancer increases susceptibility.
Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use may elevate risk.
Obesity: Being overweight is a risk factor.
Oral Cancer:
Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Heavy consumption of tobacco and alcohol significantly raises the risk.
Poor Oral Hygiene: Neglecting oral health contributes.
Betel Nut (Areca Nut) Chewing: Common in some regions.
Cervical Cancer:
HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor.
Lack of Regular Pap Smears: Screening helps detect early changes.
Smoking: Increases susceptibility.
Tomach (Gastric) Cancer:
Diet: Consuming preserved, smoked, or salty foods.
Helicobacter pylori Infection: A bacterial infection linked to stomach cancer.
Lung Cancer:
Smoking: The most significant risk factor.
Secondhand Smoke: Exposure to others’ smoke is harmful.
Occupational Exposures: Certain jobs increase risk.
Colorectal Cancer:
Diet: Low fiber, high red meat intake, and processed foods.
Physical Inactivity: Lack of exercise contributes.
Age: Risk increases with age.
Prostate Cancer:
Age: Older men are more susceptible.
Family History: A family history of prostate cancer
How can people reduce their risk of cancer?
Certainly! Here are some practical steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of cancer:
Healthy Diet:
Eat Plenty of Fruits and Vegetables: These provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Limit Processed and Red Meat: High consumption is linked to colorectal cancer.
Choose Whole Grains: Opt for whole grains over refined grains.
Physical Activity:
Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight increases the risk of several cancers.
Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol:
Quit Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for various cancers.
Limit Alcohol Intake: Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with oral, liver, and breast cancers.